Septic tank system is the most common disposal wastewater treatment system widely used today together with the drainfield or leachfield. It is placed at the back of the home and can provide many years as effective sewage disposal. It is designed as a hands-off system because the septic system functions by itself. The normal layout of the septic tank system is the construction of tank, distribution box and the drainfield or the leachfield.
The septic is designed and built out of concrete, fibreglass or plastic and are made to be watertight. There must be a provision for a riser that should protrude on the surface to allow for periodic pump out. The yearly maintenance is necessary for the septic tank to prevent costly repairs and avoid future problems. The tank is also designed to have an inlet pipe which will serve as the passage of wastewater coming from the household. An outlet pipe on the other hand will allow as a mean of access for the effluent going to the drainfield. Inside the septic a system is designed where the scum on the top layer floats. At the bottom layer the sludge settles and in the middle layer the liquid or effluent is found the substance that goes to the leachfield.
The digestion of the scum and the sludge takes place by the help of the natural bacteria or the anaerobic bacteria that aid in the digestion process of the waste. This will break down the solids and turn it into liquid that will be directed to the drainfield. However, with the advent of the introduction of new products that contain anti bacterial ingredients that may go down the drain these natural bacteria are killed and fail to do its job of digesting the waste. There is however, bacterial shock treatment that may be placed in the septic tank system to replace the diminished natural bacteria. The bacterial shock treatment will perform the necessary procedure in the digestion process.
The distribution box functions as a thing in between the septic tank and the drainfield. This is where the overflow from the septic tanks goes before it is distributed to the leachfiled. The distribution box takes as much overflow as it can handle from the septic tank. The distribution box is also made of concrete and must be watertight. The leachfield or drainfield consists of perforated pipes laid laterally on the ground which are provided with stone base. The perforations are where the effluents are drained which will go to the soil and unto the groundwater as clean water.
Septic tank systems are effective in handling the wastewater. However, you must see to it that it will stay in tip top condition by having it properly maintained. Monitor scum and sludge on a yearly basis. If you think that it needs to be pumped out you must do it at once to prevent future damage. Also avoid using excessive water that may lead to flooding and overworking of the system. Be careful in the household cleaning products that you use because anti bacterial commodities can harm the normal functioning of the system.
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